{"id":"W4249095923","doi":"10.1093/spp/28.4.325","title":"Modal models","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Public Policy","topic":"Regional Development and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Buckingham; Library science; Modal; Sociology; Media studies; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001250336,0.00006859394,0.00007139939,0.0004324799,0.001340312,0.0003944279,0.0004393231,0.00004378838,0.00005377225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005075937,0.00005985413,0.0000188674,0.002275908,0.001818159,0.001615812,0.00008352182,0.00005902805,0.00005334045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000134784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004005467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01213501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006728864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982965,0.00003587786,0.00009338305,0.0002073827,0.0007182459,0.0006486277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991898,0.00003500095,0.00003002594,0.0001135982,0.0001966468,0.0004349549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000108799,0.000009006101,0.00194185,5.687994e-7,0.00000110579,9.46818e-7,0.003637303,0.000001121034,0.00002307039,0.9548132,0.002466202,0.03710454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009884287,0.000009540067,0.007052901,0.000002990457,8.622539e-7,0.000006846592,0.0009131532,0.0003348328,0.000006389714,0.2370796,0.7543634,0.0001306074],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1986192,0.00006290519,0.00006542098,0.09522649,0.0001060423,0.00007850581,0.000001151796,0.00005727097,0.705783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852797,0.0008316459,0.0001324614,0.004143566,0.0006194698,0.000006605289,6.414086e-7,0.00000333238,0.00898262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7866605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999598,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07403714954797677,"score_gpt":0.3588635640329543,"score_spread":0.2848264144849776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}