{"id":"W4250967037","doi":"10.1002/9781118684207.ch6","title":"Optical Amplifiers","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Optical amplifier; Amplifier; Direct-coupled amplifier; Amplified spontaneous emission; Noise figure; Low-noise amplifier; Noise (video); Effective input noise temperature; Physics; Optoelectronics; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Computer science; Optics; Operational amplifier; Engineering; Laser; CMOS","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002808416,0.0008832642,0.0004922684,0.0009888917,0.0009717038,0.001810555,0.001340057,0.0009724846,0.0610336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007923937,0.0003816547,0.0003987587,0.001073887,0.0004202133,0.001435977,0.001225127,0.001052979,0.04355294],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009019425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004614796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006103826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008735633,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999438,0.00003189102,0.00002440829,0.0001047784,0.0003354919,0.00006536439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996979,0.00004116621,0.00002134875,0.00004080751,0.000181624,0.0000171785],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001476389,0.0001011687,0.0004870266,0.0009333066,0.00003879977,0.0003594841,0.0003823908,0.002856441,0.101362,0.1132559,0.1220391,0.6580368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001127735,0.00005098645,0.0002537115,0.0001341485,0.00001194935,0.0005091267,0.00007433031,0.00177326,0.02818927,0.006856206,0.9621132,0.0000225393],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.008616727,0.02043223,0.1698631,0.001545817,0.003922817,0.0003356109,0.001313751,0.00385144,0.7901185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09609447,0.02981271,0.09247398,0.002109681,0.001179353,0.0004327098,0.002113094,0.0008203796,0.7749637],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0610336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2041777,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00643614956673068,"score_gpt":0.3072235291358037,"score_spread":0.300787379569073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}