{"id":"W4251379548","doi":"10.3138/cpp.37.1.25","title":"A Canada-US Comparison of Labour Market Outcomes among Highly Educated Immigrants","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Statistics Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Demographic economics; Wage; Economics; Labour economics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003133071,0.0001310055,0.0002526609,0.0004567642,0.0003472691,0.00006540157,0.0004864415,0.000123485,0.002143507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006877404,0.0001340089,0.00005273769,0.001023747,0.000243599,0.000194442,0.00001587456,0.0001290014,0.000009717699],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009196424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03327307,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999973,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983642,0.000162987,0.0003028102,0.0001725556,0.0002974896,0.0006999635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980589,0.00004250696,0.0001504247,0.0002539352,0.0002376038,0.001256651],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001487007,0.00002455334,0.6891496,0.000005708467,0.00002624192,0.000003058918,0.008123859,2.637657e-7,8.075167e-7,0.2183838,0.08299965,0.001280935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009370481,0.000005629259,0.6307878,0.000003564839,0.000004019,2.034656e-7,0.002809927,0.00006580989,0.000003858257,0.0001250826,0.3659852,0.0001151983],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8556585,0.00002967527,0.000002324127,0.01227187,0.0003139285,0.0001660681,0.0004045324,0.00002998544,0.1311231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9628274,0.00001225518,0.00003457673,0.002976229,0.0000999183,0.00001009212,0.0000184309,0.00001350854,0.03400762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2829856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987687,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02513510179272938,"score_gpt":0.2860191075327374,"score_spread":0.260884005740008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}