{"id":"W4254429752","doi":"10.1177/0142723719876382","title":"Speaker matters: Natural inter-speaker variation affects 4-month-olds’ perception of audio-visual speech","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"First Language","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Optimal distinctiveness theory; Variation (astronomy); Perception; Natural (archaeology); Speech perception; Affect (linguistics); Audiology; Eye tracking; Speech recognition; Cognitive psychology; Communication; Computer science; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003374155,0.0001772101,0.0002730188,0.0001828256,0.00004298286,0.0000283505,0.0002523508,0.0002074599,0.01473849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003563386,0.0001606882,0.0001108421,0.0001968653,0.000071723,0.00009853835,0.000114834,0.0003701138,0.004435421],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006987848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001692089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001116017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003698873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985967,0.0001653043,0.0002331078,0.0003785747,0.0002267475,0.000399519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991214,0.0001536157,0.0001208255,0.0004824358,0.0000554551,0.00006631744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001422072,0.001188874,0.08772075,0.0004490721,0.0006599694,0.0003844788,0.213668,0.00001688728,0.5804951,0.0005746604,0.08325877,0.03016144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001620247,0.0004688924,0.9880209,0.00008170306,0.00002948392,0.00006572878,0.002788445,0.0004238205,0.002127295,0.00005569046,0.00403388,0.0002839028],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903897,0.0002484167,0.0001132937,0.0007436423,0.001534677,0.0004049174,0.00002721972,0.00005440727,0.00648373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887392,0.000007453536,0.0001833347,0.0003883622,0.0002583842,0.00001700026,0.0001053815,0.00003467087,0.01026623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9003001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00875170302302625,"score_gpt":0.3064207596472531,"score_spread":0.2976690566242269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}