{"id":"W4254429752","doi":"10.1177/0142723719876382","title":"Speaker matters: Natural inter-speaker variation affects 4-month-olds’ perception of audio-visual speech","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"First Language","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Optimal distinctiveness theory; Variation (astronomy); Perception; Natural (archaeology); Speech perception; Affect (linguistics); Audiology; Eye tracking; Speech recognition; Cognitive psychology; Communication; Computer science; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005554384,0.0003259743,0.0004772603,0.0002562993,0.0002711631,0.0007253575,0.0002640625,0.0005395861,0.002830397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003067433,0.0002378048,0.0002957684,0.00007349162,0.0004930391,0.0004353313,0.0006755344,0.0008326299,0.0003482819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002372056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002445401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001351694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001857086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994892,0.00008087225,0.00003969502,0.0001618046,0.0001463616,0.00008210007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988708,0.0004213202,0.0002864738,0.00009081836,0.0001416579,0.0001888728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001426206,0.0002748951,0.04835894,0.0001430908,0.00004907678,0.001362586,0.002459829,0.00007221536,0.9326061,0.0001927146,0.0002161,0.01283827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000027558,0.0016431,0.882849,0.0000423174,0.0001490701,0.001892096,0.002149293,0.000441352,0.1091219,0.0003267658,0.001315376,0.0000421621],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998867,0.0001825135,0.0002542167,0.00003637344,0.00001891903,0.000008056485,0.00004951526,0.00001586765,0.0005674484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984415,0.0001109021,0.0004588736,0.00006136559,0.000007780984,0.00002444202,0.00007989861,0.00001640834,0.0007987276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002830397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009468555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00875170302302625,"score_gpt":0.3064207596472531,"score_spread":0.2976690566242269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}