{"id":"W4254670259","doi":"10.29173/irie136","title":"When Is a Robot a Moral Agent?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Information Ethics","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Harm; Moral agency; Robot; Personhood; Agency (philosophy); Moral disengagement; Computer science; Psychology; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence; Political science; Epistemology; Law; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004465609,0.00006539134,0.0001203876,0.00004514511,0.0003180757,0.0001351435,0.0005677479,0.0001199013,0.0006076295],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003738788,0.00004792093,0.0001150338,0.0001316702,0.0002729843,0.001079373,0.00005691178,0.0004230326,0.0001249587],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009078661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004703784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004686274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004726864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980083,0.000146248,0.0004646801,0.00004428276,0.001215308,0.0001212518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975821,0.0004464339,0.0003872027,0.000127293,0.001422016,0.0000349301],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000339552,0.00001418325,0.00007977639,0.0003430209,0.00001953879,1.317562e-7,0.02433987,0.00001337765,0.000002608225,0.9009498,0.06982469,0.004409646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008146413,0.000009035434,0.0003705693,0.0009834089,0.00001470606,6.00771e-7,0.0009653766,0.00007424425,0.00002917719,0.2447053,0.7526957,0.00007036754],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005434839,0.002425609,0.002307966,0.5764086,0.0006078002,0.0003733419,0.0000395778,0.00003631448,0.4172573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6154782,0.1189668,0.002455851,0.2567517,0.001094298,0.00004926709,0.000177588,0.00001621883,0.005010106],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.682871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7084275,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09057932770575093,"score_gpt":0.4115363217904766,"score_spread":0.3209569940847256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}