{"id":"W4254943653","doi":"10.1002/14356007.b03_11.pub2","title":"Bioseparation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry","topic":"Protein purification and stability","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Chromatography; Chemistry; Adsorption; Elution; Membrane; Isotachophoresis; Size-exclusion chromatography; Ion exchange; Electrodialysis; Electrolyte; Ion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001326853,0.003036871,0.001913957,0.004123287,0.001987244,0.00290574,0.001428208,0.00117462,0.1136549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001419584,0.0005491035,0.001648386,0.002401529,0.000670149,0.001583622,0.002955669,0.003750568,0.1410102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001401345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002459814,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001269951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001196409,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978232,0.0001848217,0.0001488639,0.0007134103,0.0007972819,0.0003324066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990712,0.00009444448,0.00004501869,0.0001934752,0.0004684461,0.0001273401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009694007,0.000664915,0.00161686,0.002636628,0.0001846026,0.001274421,0.0005072317,0.0005387312,0.3850831,0.01042702,0.1576718,0.4384253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001230306,0.0003892614,0.002798086,0.0004033475,0.00007426253,0.0008192982,0.0001164014,0.001061801,0.1613739,0.002475699,0.8302872,0.00007768601],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.06803881,0.05206203,0.2646317,0.006655471,0.02318361,0.009661151,0.06460269,0.03924288,0.4719216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1290585,0.02679934,0.1282498,0.007542036,0.003642196,0.006164954,0.1307622,0.008773981,0.559007],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1136549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3802134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01699872650776841,"score_gpt":0.2492426496730275,"score_spread":0.2322439231652591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}