{"id":"W4256268512","doi":"10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_134","title":"Bonar, James (1852–1941)","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics","topic":"Medical History and Innovations","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Civil servant; Club; Politics; Management; Classics; Extension (predicate logic); Servant; History; Economic history; Environmental ethics; Art history; Political science; Law; Engineering; Philosophy; Medicine; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000170478,0.0002458677,0.0003374807,0.0001396825,0.000397735,0.00002939748,0.0003303847,0.0001639261,0.04872048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001429172,0.0001989187,0.0002182339,0.000007599524,0.001302091,0.00005211679,0.00006329041,0.0003030418,0.0009921405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007242183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002050245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005884974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002098254,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989491,0.00001101096,0.0005604437,0.0002420395,0.00008873231,0.0001486802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988226,0.0001225462,0.0004242092,0.0004237625,0.0001251759,0.00008171619],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001978276,0.00000584014,4.878473e-7,0.0000108998,0.0001086754,4.506505e-7,0.002569831,0.000002805451,6.260865e-7,0.7271786,0.2684999,0.001602126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009595435,0.0000813732,0.000003122585,0.00003812645,0.00004919597,0.000003340437,0.0001504521,0.00002397743,0.000003668368,0.3821439,0.6172809,0.0001260533],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004025887,0.0006383904,0.00002107049,0.001680921,0.002355261,0.0001843743,0.0003387405,0.0000422795,0.9943364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006815556,0.0005919602,0.0000633019,0.001415309,0.005491264,0.000007083475,0.0003630877,0.00005378548,0.9851987],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.348781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04463887383042309,"score_gpt":0.2057818284783698,"score_spread":0.1611429546479468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}