{"id":"W4256525284","doi":"10.1002/0471667196.ess4068","title":"Geographic Information Systems","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences","topic":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Raster graphics; Geographic information system; Raster data; Software; Data mining; GIS file format; Spatial analysis; Visualization; Vector map; GIS applications; AM/FM/GIS; Digital mapping; Information system; Database; Information retrieval; Geography; Cartography; Remote sensing; Computer graphics (images); Artificial intelligence; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001312974,0.000220769,0.0004428668,0.0007858677,0.0004965941,0.0001454784,0.0005434001,0.0002701241,0.001000116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005792288,0.0001862484,0.00007410904,0.001015511,0.0028215,0.0004682998,0.00007037042,0.000151841,0.0003571903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005397664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005166717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04444254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002363826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969124,0.0001235376,0.0006805147,0.000206407,0.001586008,0.0004911748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985322,0.0002780942,0.0006947673,0.0001684585,0.0001654063,0.0001611168],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001412788,0.00001657666,0.00221962,0.0002137177,0.00003158,0.000001107779,0.003048009,0.0000185031,2.078823e-8,0.8532043,0.1395118,0.001733372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001305639,0.00005350581,0.001141058,0.0002616874,0.00002455381,8.070794e-7,0.006122907,0.000006133658,4.700469e-8,0.002726963,0.9892983,0.0002334419],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001202314,0.000829731,0.004200457,0.0001344594,0.001799987,0.0006826309,0.0003451476,0.0001966351,0.9917989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09150285,0.03900163,0.02643117,0.0004013163,0.003366406,0.0006563534,0.000407312,0.0003353934,0.8378976],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8504773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999131,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01151156528381592,"score_gpt":0.2828299225383679,"score_spread":0.2713183572545519,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}