{"id":"W4280598936","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ac6672","title":"First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Testing Astrophysical Models of the Galactic Center Black Hole","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":530,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; McGill University","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Astrophysics Division; Office of International Science and Engineering; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences; National Nuclear Security Administration; Toray Science Foundation; East Asian Core Observatories Association; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Recruitment Program of Global Experts; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Academy of Finland; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Ministry of Education, India; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Generalitat Valenciana; National Science Foundation; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Academia Sinica; Junta de Andalucía; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Netherlands eScience Center; European Southern Observatory; John Templeton Foundation; China Scholarship Council; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Radboud Universiteit; University of Pretoria; National Research Foundation; Compute Canada; Office of Science; Simons Foundation; Joint Institute for Computational Fundamental Science; University of Arizona; Smithsonian Institution; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Universiteit Leiden; Associated Universities; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Center for Theoretical Sciences; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Government of Canada; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; University of Chicago; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Flatiron Health","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Event horizon; Galactic Center; Sagittarius A*; Very-long-baseline interferometry; Black hole (networking); Population; Radiative transfer; Accretion (finance); Astronomy; Event (particle physics); Stars","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002395827,0.0003662205,0.0004361208,0.00005126324,0.001498088,0.0001231943,0.001254196,0.00001895388,0.00006528739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002597321,0.0002324835,0.0006065996,0.0006659366,0.0004577305,0.0003268833,0.0007170309,0.001691703,0.0000293564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000178592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001149387,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001198383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.051256e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968151,0.0004068794,0.000730041,0.0003807592,0.0009837382,0.0006834134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978882,0.0003445554,0.0007310932,0.0007197048,0.0001339318,0.0001825028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002131361,0.0008068076,0.0006625588,0.000007130513,0.000185584,0.000006049529,0.0005258569,0.9016064,0.08283154,0.007090566,0.003041257,0.003023098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01965628,0.00772038,0.286505,0.0007869853,0.001948205,0.00004719035,0.007695424,0.6088412,0.008704476,0.03953452,0.0144274,0.004132901],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9541076,0.000005605372,0.03582615,0.008731388,0.0003612781,0.0003402967,0.0001932505,0.00002311513,0.0004113197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958649,4.088795e-7,0.001987996,0.0004306843,0.001491856,0.0000372703,0.00001863676,0.0000533644,0.0001148648],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2927652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998018,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01908894174744916,"score_gpt":0.2195330143059572,"score_spread":0.200444072558508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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