{"id":"W4280621377","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01874","title":"Patents And Regulatory Exclusivities On Inhalers For Asthma And COPD, 1986–2020","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Affairs","topic":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","field":"Medicine","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Institutes of Health; Arnold Ventures; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Gilead Sciences; Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts","keywords":"Inhaler; Brand names; Food and drug administration; Medicine; Asthma; Business; Pulmonary disease; Product (mathematics); COPD; Advertising; Marketing; Pharmacology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005483743,0.0002174159,0.0001762426,0.004112958,0.001027822,0.002615089,0.0004189506,0.0009116156,0.004860814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0190716,0.0002008026,0.0006837086,0.004385606,0.001018779,0.001766698,0.0005881293,0.001426427,0.001223155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002682209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002212688,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00823387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008132447,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957936,0.0005883106,0.0004880747,0.0006061862,0.001902723,0.0006210479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9677518,0.01111602,0.01569443,0.001018199,0.003547903,0.0008715664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001986938,0.0004775542,0.5460308,0.0008258129,0.0002314801,0.001602051,0.001405362,0.004162322,0.009117726,0.0545525,0.04961558,0.3299919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006185428,0.0004810773,0.8053637,0.0002203225,0.0001553101,0.001299431,0.0004741589,0.001170621,0.004018598,0.001487707,0.1852186,0.00004865686],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.77716,0.03002033,0.003771797,0.004848111,0.0004033431,0.0002976084,0.02493904,0.0001735076,0.1583862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95672,0.005978555,0.002813407,0.001679434,0.000517634,0.0001783625,0.01549555,0.00003743936,0.0165796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00823387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02900118,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02120979960994021,"score_gpt":0.280888792551691,"score_spread":0.2596789929417507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}