{"id":"W4280625474","doi":"10.1007/s11356-022-20755-4","title":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater: current understandings and challenges to overcome","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Groundwater; Perfluorooctane; Environmental science; Population; Environmental chemistry; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Environmental health; Chemistry; Geology; Medicine; Sulfonate","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005850406,0.0005471226,0.0008479298,0.0009938836,0.001626734,0.0003715538,0.0009552807,0.0001893467,0.001861541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001202784,0.0004728672,0.00008338738,0.001810392,0.004778414,0.0009813557,0.002993265,0.001339573,0.0001578893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003247712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001602024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006739204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004920413,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9919933,0.0006890965,0.0005662917,0.001884746,0.003188303,0.00167825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981567,0.0002802562,0.0001121342,0.0005229905,0.000006890483,0.0009209927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002254735,0.0001234521,0.001641304,0.000576169,0.00000755072,0.00001933113,0.001723104,0.000001178877,0.0001277587,0.0002312926,0.0001844662,0.9953418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002606666,0.0003498742,0.01199079,0.0005092142,0.00001828443,0.0000687018,0.001618973,0.00002982721,0.000009107584,0.0001991466,0.9844019,0.0005434564],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02809263,0.9681415,0.000001531551,0.0007159933,0.0001455013,0.001308237,0.0000796465,0.00002208523,0.001492903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05650745,0.9426405,0.00004017266,0.0000471714,0.0000541314,0.0002830009,0.00001428565,0.0000396709,0.0003736083],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9947984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997723,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2018353316103105,"score_gpt":0.3920720700438733,"score_spread":0.1902367384335628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}