{"id":"W4280640520","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ac65eb","title":"A Universal Power-law Prescription for Variability from Synthetic Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; McGill University; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Astrophysics Division; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences; National Nuclear Security Administration; Toray Science Foundation; East Asian Core Observatories Association; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Academy of Finland; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Ministry of Education, India; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Generalitat Valenciana; National Science Foundation; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Recruitment Program of Global Experts; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Academia Sinica; Junta de Andalucía; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Southern Observatory; China Scholarship Council; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Radboud Universiteit; University of Pretoria; National Research Foundation; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Government of Canada; Compute Canada; Office of Science; Simons Foundation; Joint Institute for Computational Fundamental Science; University of Arizona; Smithsonian Institution; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Universiteit Leiden; Associated Universities; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Center for Theoretical Sciences; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; University of Chicago; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Flatiron Health","keywords":"Physics; Supermassive black hole; Spectral density; Astrophysics; Power law; Black hole (networking); Statistical physics; Accretion (finance); Event horizon; Computational physics; Galaxy; Event (particle physics); Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000205717,0.0001673951,0.0002526975,0.00002663984,0.0005667089,0.00005998206,0.0004327593,0.00001263313,0.0002883909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008523066,0.0001323536,0.000337559,0.0001420179,0.0002341144,0.0002453607,0.0001538376,0.0004641631,0.000008981556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009214432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003831669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001330839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.919508e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998552,0.000309418,0.000306366,0.0002232464,0.0003316852,0.000277239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989702,0.0002794765,0.0002742865,0.0003121111,0.00007782213,0.00008608161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000248942,0.0003701228,0.000142003,0.000003352348,0.0001564357,9.148329e-7,0.0005250745,0.1061101,0.8474145,0.04284859,0.001039325,0.001140692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02128896,0.008210255,0.1651499,0.0002939287,0.004224915,0.000004455616,0.02227059,0.2666984,0.08874969,0.384293,0.03428574,0.004530143],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7658275,0.000001972253,0.2310291,0.002210503,0.0001988387,0.0002277698,0.0003657105,0.00001152495,0.0001271145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957899,1.285466e-7,0.003199842,0.0002408527,0.0006267898,0.00003378469,0.00006086946,0.00002177018,0.00002600313],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7586648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5397221,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008697472044884908,"score_gpt":0.2092522966437052,"score_spread":0.2005548245988203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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