{"id":"W4280642091","doi":"10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117553","title":"COVID-19 malicious domain names classification","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Expert Systems with Applications","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Phishing; Computer science; Computer security; Internet privacy; Commit; Malware; Domain (mathematical analysis); The Internet; Order (exchange); Credit card; Password; Heuristics; Information sensitivity; Personally identifiable information; World Wide Web; Business; Payment","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003651999,0.0001198414,0.0001236059,0.0001360989,0.001138147,0.0001721816,0.0007795593,0.00003596163,0.00003395655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001434033,0.0001104931,0.00003456458,0.0007839309,0.00003862749,0.0001898887,0.0001228344,0.0001412519,0.00005379043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004204603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002422871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005742807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000188966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998553,0.0001675706,0.0002227654,0.0004655431,0.00039835,0.0001927394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985657,0.00008889124,0.0001680687,0.0009087468,0.00005073094,0.000217853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002973493,0.0002701793,0.0008707573,0.00005169729,0.00005211271,0.000009780483,0.01054703,0.005171897,0.007110613,0.9173934,0.05260513,0.005887629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002824175,0.00008498981,0.0002132788,0.00000321924,0.000002838029,0.0002123679,0.001694449,0.01313554,0.00005799248,0.001422995,0.9826891,0.0002007804],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009191278,0.0006954994,0.9889626,0.005244554,0.0003004347,0.0009543346,0.00001189052,0.00059183,0.002319743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9765041,0.000009886768,0.009653862,0.001537175,0.0002189903,0.01127879,0.00003315049,0.00001896345,0.0007450537],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9793087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8753821,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02595288513258339,"score_gpt":0.2735860421684695,"score_spread":0.2476331570358861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}