{"id":"W4281476007","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.2c01880","title":"Standardized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography to Replace Conventional Methods for Determination of Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, and Asphaltene (SARA) Fractions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Imperial Oil Limited; Canadian Natural Resources Limited; Cenovus Energy; Kuwait Oil Company; Suncor Energy Incorporated; ConocoPhillips","keywords":"Asphaltene; Chromatography; Toluene; Chemistry; Asphalt; Pentane; Solvent; High-performance liquid chromatography; Alkylbenzenes; Fractionation; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Elution; Adsorption; Benzene; Materials science; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001250533,0.001653378,0.0006810283,0.001490326,0.0004433659,0.0006567323,0.0009563112,0.0006768074,0.001933389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001042672,0.0004986452,0.0006317626,0.001094593,0.0005378659,0.0007791945,0.0006927327,0.001662082,0.00173884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006458671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002048488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002367989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007732193,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973955,0.0005024038,0.0001799544,0.0004818716,0.001306211,0.0001339537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992352,0.0001248132,0.0001308016,0.0001325077,0.0003304882,0.00004635685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005239621,0.00008903949,0.0008118345,0.0001870702,0.00005109666,0.0000469147,0.00001649357,0.0001949706,0.9810528,0.0003245157,0.000372494,0.01680037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002006255,0.0002659622,0.006058021,0.00001972628,0.00008130604,0.000339984,0.00002710148,0.003152722,0.9775195,0.0001892258,0.01229279,0.00003353266],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.2095955,0.01147031,0.7618462,0.0003820498,0.0005565279,0.001549299,0.002161367,0.004889598,0.007549146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3324617,0.008087399,0.6355603,0.000819428,0.0002476167,0.001618423,0.006380653,0.0005678186,0.0142566],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002367989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006613553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0132015231576582,"score_gpt":0.3095557508344949,"score_spread":0.2963542276768367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}