{"id":"W4281476007","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.2c01880","title":"Standardized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography to Replace Conventional Methods for Determination of Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, and Asphaltene (SARA) Fractions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Imperial Oil Limited; Canadian Natural Resources Limited; Cenovus Energy; Kuwait Oil Company; Suncor Energy Incorporated; ConocoPhillips","keywords":"Asphaltene; Chromatography; Toluene; Chemistry; Asphalt; Pentane; Solvent; High-performance liquid chromatography; Alkylbenzenes; Fractionation; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Elution; Adsorption; Benzene; Materials science; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005687388,0.0001179453,0.0002723126,0.0001898036,0.0003926778,0.00003300979,0.0001367102,0.00004872269,0.00005776726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001657192,0.0001231089,0.00008608412,0.0004007126,0.00004625286,0.0001505535,0.00006768594,0.0001252526,5.792606e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005983327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006693991,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001620347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001911724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989458,0.00005529499,0.0003304757,0.0002614348,0.0002417047,0.0001652596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991161,0.0002274561,0.0002485893,0.0002262758,0.0001190632,0.00006251215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009488591,0.0001420117,0.000501133,0.0005026369,0.0001958953,0.000001550245,0.0002003276,0.0002010935,0.9615569,0.0001588394,0.0007485427,0.03484226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002279655,0.0004397242,0.0008493026,0.0001376573,0.0003189833,0.00003527025,0.0004377368,0.004231716,0.9411114,0.001054022,0.04872157,0.0003829859],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762827,0.0004387505,0.02202903,0.0003073137,0.00006762788,0.00003429518,0.0001200299,0.00005522087,0.0006650537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9305159,0.00003918147,0.0671109,0.00006803309,0.00003804261,0.0001814042,0.00009784203,0.00001713147,0.001931494],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04797303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5020234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0132015231576582,"score_gpt":0.3095557508344949,"score_spread":0.2963542276768367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}