{"id":"W4281484939","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-003","title":"New Canadians Working amid a New Normal: Recent Immigrant Wage Penalties in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Immigration; Pandemic; Demographic economics; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Wage; Economics; Disadvantage; Inequality; Labour economics; Political science; Disease; Medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007054328,0.0001643285,0.0001746039,0.0006379401,0.002238722,0.0002433205,0.0008861482,0.00005857396,0.003966746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007820814,0.000166583,0.00004841705,0.002430859,0.00008561601,0.0001567303,0.0000653569,0.0004880379,0.000005662364],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03164812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.2867577,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972333,0.0003829464,0.0003056497,0.000276286,0.0005042036,0.001297572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960774,0.0001082542,0.0001090348,0.0003052842,0.00003728237,0.003362808],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001635381,0.000009661871,0.2878673,0.00001338862,0.00005027238,0.0002588242,0.1393372,0.002875791,0.000006633401,0.147544,0.3825047,0.03951594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002764306,0.000004118613,0.0118266,0.00000297081,0.000003241808,0.00001843258,0.02657355,0.0001223386,1.119699e-7,0.0002453789,0.9607236,0.0002032506],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4311287,0.0008288481,0.00002013055,0.5405008,0.0008508527,0.0007285262,0.0003876837,0.00009133985,0.02546313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.936128,0.0003437352,0.0000102135,0.03742937,0.000484559,0.00003894503,0.00003700281,0.00002231181,0.02550583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5782188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03340420268992014,"score_gpt":0.2726020834326566,"score_spread":0.2391978807427365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}