{"id":"W4281484939","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2022-003","title":"New Canadians Working amid a New Normal: Recent Immigrant Wage Penalties in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Immigration; Pandemic; Demographic economics; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Wage; Economics; Disadvantage; Inequality; Labour economics; Political science; Disease; Medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009870356,0.000211041,0.000370468,0.000719438,0.007607924,0.002280966,0.00144871,0.0009853091,0.004066085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003242864,0.0001650966,0.0003166943,0.001961742,0.001241679,0.0007193462,0.001605458,0.002196179,0.0002186028],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03679591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06877556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9959043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9986057,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990357,0.00005768865,0.00002131451,0.00007891573,0.0002114406,0.0005949858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99783,0.0001344382,0.000352746,0.00005353553,0.0006873754,0.0009418884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003670475,0.0002628687,0.8601837,0.0001477009,0.00008773399,0.0008935741,0.03573884,0.001237551,0.0005623906,0.007966293,0.03043501,0.06211725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000248143,0.00005359091,0.8961192,0.000225008,0.00003921378,0.00009704394,0.08274219,0.00106843,0.0001453226,0.000543917,0.01887726,0.00006389456],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786618,0.000919792,0.0001120004,0.009838548,0.0001111217,0.00003141111,0.001425384,0.000007443685,0.008892534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951957,0.0006709857,0.00009735409,0.0009465588,0.00002673961,0.000008736419,0.0005052947,0.000004856747,0.002543841],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03679591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2669742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03340420268992014,"score_gpt":0.2726020834326566,"score_spread":0.2391978807427365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}