{"id":"W4281639236","doi":"10.3390/land11060846","title":"Corn and Wheat Residue Management Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Mid-Atlantic USA","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Land","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Crop residue; Greenhouse gas; Stover; Agronomy; Corn stover; Environmental science; Residue (chemistry); Carbon dioxide; Nitrous oxide; Crop rotation; Tillage; Chemistry; Crop; Agriculture; Biology; Fermentation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000143555,0.00009271185,0.00007600666,0.000005178374,0.0002195547,0.00001392258,0.0001751307,0.00001761604,0.0004904245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002615492,0.00006396527,0.00001765435,0.0001103721,0.00006177609,0.00003076623,0.0002854881,0.0001393083,0.00004901781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000987559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.988934e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001568201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007574202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992021,0.00008688894,0.00007981194,0.0002061214,0.0002459738,0.0001790595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996727,0.00006152571,0.00002169925,0.0001991158,1.35246e-7,0.00004484571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003084508,0.00009273268,0.9811409,0.000009382167,0.000004386566,0.0001487193,0.0003821701,0.01189808,0.00007565406,0.00002637298,0.001048578,0.00514223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000531031,0.0001838411,0.986602,0.00001082809,0.00001456742,0.00002665106,0.0002607676,0.001912902,0.00001191022,0.000352654,0.009975462,0.000117348],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944757,0.00002262446,0.00005439604,0.0004530034,0.00004630449,0.0002431017,0.00000113753,0.000009908281,0.004693813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967023,0.00009651377,0.0003290264,0.0009542895,0.00001090962,0.00004697681,0.000003620493,0.000009529623,0.001846886],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009985174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5369804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005146314449836971,"score_gpt":0.191805787454304,"score_spread":0.186659473004467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}