{"id":"W4281672560","doi":"10.1287/mnsc.2022.4439","title":"Negative Advertising and Competitive Positioning","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Science","topic":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Product proliferation; Advertising; Competition (biology); Product differentiation; Product (mathematics); Profit (economics); Consumer welfare; Economics; Politics; Marketing; Digital advertising; Economic surplus; Commission; Business; Welfare; Microeconomics; New product development; Product management; Political science; Digital marketing; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007148007,0.00009312652,0.00007997183,0.0004073761,0.001761604,0.0004119755,0.0002900141,0.000005051403,0.0004632871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002015995,0.0001017425,0.00002050905,0.00117141,0.0002147048,0.001065505,0.001409202,0.0001000972,0.00002310976],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005623556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007311977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000180911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001116652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998831,0.0000104842,0.0001174575,0.00034371,0.00043874,0.0002585511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997035,0.00002665185,0.0000784716,0.0001403329,0.00003920546,0.00001186497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000640546,0.0001190025,0.159632,0.0001320907,0.00002805652,0.0001330106,0.0006357602,0.0003751125,0.001816686,0.6929137,0.0008100578,0.1433406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009643406,0.00002460684,0.903451,0.00007184462,0.0001394267,0.00001531557,0.009978632,0.008025312,0.0001173123,0.01115056,0.06544991,0.0006117328],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5987706,0.00005090235,0.000712852,0.0007779452,0.0004426951,0.0003373426,0.000001655834,0.0001322801,0.3987737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997427,0.000003350238,0.0005630642,0.001451227,0.00004682558,0.00003242127,0.000002894342,0.000007432059,0.0004657127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7438191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01073097127307117,"score_gpt":0.2289631099908124,"score_spread":0.2182321387177412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}