{"id":"W4281672865","doi":"10.1177/00207152221096841","title":"Corruption in the public schools of Europe: A cross-national multilevel analysis of education system characteristics","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Language change; Government (linguistics); Perception; Multilevel model; Workload; Compensation (psychology); Survey data collection; Public economics; Political science; Economics; Psychology; Demographic economics; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002212765,0.000236037,0.0007839518,0.002203366,0.0007429399,0.001643714,0.0004051891,0.0004995898,0.001648255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004369678,0.0002296389,0.001266743,0.003095386,0.000610909,0.0009392482,0.002512095,0.0006423613,0.0001500433],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009008264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008045466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02681877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02315404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976953,0.001005369,0.000143191,0.0004041765,0.0002399382,0.0005120866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955511,0.001604623,0.001255515,0.0005998618,0.0005536044,0.0004352638],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005450471,0.00006155759,0.994837,0.00001266089,0.0005111595,0.00004602117,0.0004294534,0.0005590264,0.0001070034,0.0004554936,0.0001753153,0.00275083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003706685,0.00003635797,0.997252,0.00001666542,0.0001309931,0.00002638055,0.0007426317,0.001252614,0.00005776381,0.0001571638,0.0003180578,0.000005655972],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988054,0.0001497209,0.0003712705,0.0000502226,0.00000281212,0.000004653848,0.0002370119,0.000004072737,0.0003747583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992736,0.00004615055,0.0001921292,0.0000099562,0.000002912407,0.000005085363,0.0003788753,0.000002904153,0.00008855985],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02681877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05332536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.109339513099386,"score_gpt":0.4298236534706525,"score_spread":0.3204841403712665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}