{"id":"W4281684220","doi":"10.1017/psa.2022.34","title":"Animal Culture and Animal Welfare","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of Science","topic":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Animal welfare; Welfare; Environmental ethics; Sociology; Political science; Biology; Ecology; Law; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002499709,0.0001190209,0.0001626941,0.0001035972,0.001341001,0.0000191998,0.0003846989,0.00001671172,0.0002351464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002687787,0.0001067085,0.00004804109,0.0004853017,0.001432059,0.0002496501,0.0007796118,0.0001630102,0.000004937354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003758064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002532493,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003073997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.178693e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986862,0.00002444209,0.0001582292,0.000368471,0.0005245793,0.0002381106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995976,0.000009072823,0.00007585093,0.0001597083,0.00008159303,0.00007619167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008447586,0.0002373426,0.03978332,0.00006305519,0.00001554926,0.0001292186,0.004570593,0.000001328978,0.7122087,0.2409433,0.0002985786,0.0009041642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003425048,0.005139293,0.982022,0.00001000586,0.00002683545,0.0002586257,0.002896784,0.00003713186,0.000956286,0.002852657,0.005164235,0.0002935977],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9686264,0.0005198534,9.455617e-7,0.003320415,0.00009083616,0.0001134309,0.00007816435,0.00004607715,0.02720382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995933,0.000009433405,0.0002045351,0.00008025374,0.00005623783,0.00001943504,0.000001510998,0.000007701083,0.00002760081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9422387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05761024375419107,"score_gpt":0.3237953283629542,"score_spread":0.2661850846087632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}