{"id":"W4281760522","doi":"10.3390/s22114175","title":"A Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy-Based Methane Flux Sensor for Quantification of Venting Sources at Oil and Gas Sites","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Methane; Allan variance; Optics; Laser; Materials science; Multi-mode optical fiber; Volume (thermodynamics); Absorption (acoustics); Wavelength; Standard deviation; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004639744,0.000703509,0.0005543468,0.000668586,0.0003076078,0.0002652379,0.000895561,0.0008261871,0.0005922449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005017727,0.000331697,0.0002833579,0.0004509597,0.0002612815,0.0004537535,0.0003716792,0.0003723005,0.0002774011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006634368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000488735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001118749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002335175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994593,0.00006749084,0.00001961396,0.0001438296,0.0002727606,0.00003696236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996694,0.000085799,0.00008248699,0.00002466119,0.0001133932,0.00002424452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007374885,0.000041283,0.001135473,0.00006143517,0.000006792239,0.00002316732,0.0000145337,0.0002548222,0.9891925,0.00004782601,0.00005645565,0.009091972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001402412,0.0003006029,0.004890086,0.000007484557,0.00001884448,0.000156192,0.0000140535,0.01093712,0.9824938,0.00002728557,0.001118074,0.00002239235],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8283417,0.00162962,0.1660041,0.0001746231,0.0001235431,0.0002465252,0.0006189187,0.001468126,0.00139284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8310044,0.000574446,0.1661554,0.0001361686,0.00003190172,0.0001616837,0.0002817787,0.00004605929,0.001608169],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001118749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004813552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02099051538367582,"score_gpt":0.2717788972251096,"score_spread":0.2507883818414338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}