{"id":"W4281945045","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2021-064","title":"The Youngest Bilingual Canadians: Insights from the 2016 Census Regarding Children Aged 0–9 Years","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Census; Indigenous; Immigration; Home language; Bilingual education; Geography; First language; Indigenous language; Psychology; Demography; Medicine; Sociology; Pedagogy; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001182919,0.0003999822,0.0003533291,0.003319082,0.003911582,0.001994781,0.0008801545,0.0003473662,0.002265682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004626349,0.0002664405,0.0004069558,0.008017984,0.0006463305,0.0009623766,0.00142843,0.0009899758,0.0003050731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02399285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04653335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9960616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9982328,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986191,0.00009158372,0.00007032973,0.0001092585,0.0005111794,0.0005984877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968053,0.0001960709,0.0004955881,0.00005542419,0.001742271,0.0007053616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005533225,0.00005597787,0.9148344,0.0002944676,0.00003882721,0.0004199842,0.02552247,0.0001984647,0.0001926146,0.001528435,0.03267989,0.02417915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000561074,0.00001461585,0.9355847,0.0002835521,0.00002336623,0.0001433832,0.03887128,0.000132628,0.00007153864,0.0001509769,0.02468642,0.00003193842],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8601311,0.005900827,0.0003179201,0.008711954,0.0001598389,0.0002371959,0.08850279,0.0000307535,0.03600762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9607853,0.008667492,0.0007517689,0.001513842,0.00006577679,0.000183074,0.02424279,0.00002767898,0.003762309],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02399285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1740811,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03737832002771582,"score_gpt":0.3427682513400045,"score_spread":0.3053899313122886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}