{"id":"W4281945976","doi":"10.1145/3539736","title":"A Survey on IoT Profiling, Fingerprinting, and Identification","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Internet of Things","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Research and Productivity Council; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Profiling (computer programming); Computer science; Internet of Things; Computer security; Data science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008151867,0.000100768,0.0001204659,0.0002133443,0.0002574575,0.0000729941,0.000741322,0.00003941671,0.0001168662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007772597,0.0001088117,0.00006127051,0.0003216249,0.00005068191,0.0002077248,0.00007351745,0.0003930322,0.00001277516],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005192118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000177961,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005605015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002546362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987574,0.000177541,0.0002829464,0.0003478269,0.0003049384,0.000129412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999002,0.0002106205,0.0001707909,0.0005206895,0.00005733521,0.00003852094],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006238645,0.001690804,0.001375159,0.000127089,0.0002358,0.00001053755,0.02717113,0.009742783,0.01331256,0.02197363,0.003298464,0.9204382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001397788,0.003626633,0.0229773,0.0002095504,0.00004797015,0.00007453294,0.000454977,0.5442134,0.3988348,0.01667321,0.01055627,0.0009335829],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4690484,0.00003315189,0.5289957,0.0005171879,0.0008950418,0.0001700293,0.000007540799,0.0001216456,0.0002112906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951657,0.00001245806,0.003692113,0.0003458074,0.00001103935,0.00002507039,0.00000373181,0.000008432086,0.0007356441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9195046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4437211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02094607116546976,"score_gpt":0.2501737457028209,"score_spread":0.2292276745373511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}