{"id":"W4282559791","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01028","title":"Emulsions in Bitumen Froth Treatment and Methods for Demulsification and Fines Removal in Naphthenic Froth Treatment: Review and Perspectives","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Syncrude; Suncor Energy Incorporated; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Asphaltene; Asphalt; Refining (metallurgy); Naphthenic acid; Oil sands; Emulsion; Fouling; Oil refinery; Waste management; Extraction (chemistry); Petroleum industry; Environmental science; Phase (matter); Froth flotation; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Chromatography; Corrosion; Metallurgy; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006606376,0.001130281,0.001319623,0.00306799,0.0003814593,0.00108479,0.0006458662,0.001170102,0.002424596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005710195,0.0005247134,0.0008312362,0.002990172,0.0004591054,0.001850762,0.0005483671,0.001217298,0.0009543165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004492188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009884363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001260812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001923583,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996948,0.00003839199,0.00004870515,0.00007624636,0.0001134404,0.00002840391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995126,0.0002433992,0.00009843627,0.00001421303,0.0001092879,0.00002211609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001125182,0.0003298363,0.0004570303,0.08139307,0.000247915,0.0003863718,0.0002679008,0.001852635,0.02095089,0.008016448,0.01154958,0.8744358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001443685,0.0004759766,0.001729784,0.00661698,0.0004687488,0.001473826,0.0002074111,0.0007337924,0.01256457,0.00213958,0.9735028,0.00007223096],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005836745,0.9979545,0.0004715554,0.00009859027,0.0001324167,0.000009799451,0.00001872999,0.000006764952,0.0007239368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001770914,0.9971204,0.0004402852,0.0000728962,0.000103771,0.000009698569,0.00002328321,0.000001853793,0.0004568755],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00306799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00811106,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02701784568723355,"score_gpt":0.3228593433412641,"score_spread":0.2958414976540306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}