{"id":"W4282838394","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ac7823","title":"2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics Energy","topic":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","field":"Energy","cited_by":228,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; Tata Steel Nederland; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fondazione Ticino Olona; Materials innovation institute; Tata Steel; Office of Energy Efficiency; Villum Fonden; National Research Foundation of Korea; U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Xi’an Jiaotong University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Energy Commission; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Seoul National University; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Institute for Basic Science; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy, Stanford University; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Office of Fossil Energy; European Commission; U.S. Air Force; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Research Foundation; National Research Council Canada; Small Business Technology Transfer; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Laboratory Directed Research and Development; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; National Science Foundation; Imperial College London; Innovationsfonden; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Institut Universitaire de France","keywords":"Reduction (mathematics); Electrochemistry; Materials science; Environmental science; Chemistry; Electrode; Mathematics; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001932322,0.0001913497,0.0002915057,0.0001506624,0.000230946,0.00003613931,0.0002789535,0.00008284849,0.0001578274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001339053,0.0001863725,0.0003267439,0.000476596,0.00003518356,0.0001597545,0.0000600819,0.0007694591,0.000004709591],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003978435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001393305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002032477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001677129,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983307,0.0001218741,0.0004063087,0.0002167819,0.0006722554,0.0002520492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990156,0.00002126816,0.00042216,0.0002622819,0.0001630722,0.0001156086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019374,0.0002976057,5.305183e-7,0.000004947562,0.00007210077,0.0000196514,0.00006840123,0.00360932,0.9146646,0.02053594,0.03003665,0.03049654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003274894,0.0004996716,0.000003794713,0.00001501864,0.00002930595,0.0004614228,0.0001063371,0.00004646152,0.9489591,0.008681552,0.04068585,0.0001840104],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951834,0.000353296,0.000521793,0.0005867743,0.001116887,0.00004738634,0.000008302332,0.00008341804,0.002098724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964954,0.0002175189,0.0000478758,0.0002527643,0.002331779,0.00002185296,0.00005911806,0.00004435487,0.0005293376],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03429451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7600049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004908580891167951,"score_gpt":0.2175483934060932,"score_spread":0.2126398125149252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}