{"id":"W4282923707","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-110121-051223","title":"Testing Lepton Flavor Universality with Pion, Kaon, Tau, and Beta Decays","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","topic":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Particle physics; Lepton; Universality (dynamical systems); Unitarity; Pion; Physics beyond the Standard Model; Quark; Fermion; Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix; Nuclear physics; Quantum mechanics; Electron","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000353624,0.00007209155,0.0001482423,0.000008616652,0.0004831332,0.00001783133,0.0001126511,0.000002794619,0.00009321106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001339657,0.00005504199,0.00001904953,0.0003669578,0.0006204006,0.0001976311,0.0002918433,0.0000576874,0.000003883375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008875266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002149794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009286276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.50759e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992546,0.00004046908,0.0001241419,0.0001940982,0.0002018207,0.0001849145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996241,0.00004849704,0.00005701799,0.0001052311,0.00006720766,0.00009800209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001003187,0.0005457561,0.1365376,0.0005690391,0.00006718957,0.000004081392,0.006849657,0.00001900488,0.09224075,0.6542428,0.0006816249,0.1081423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005907215,0.008729302,0.3275206,0.005182774,0.0008938088,0.00005849655,0.09737536,0.007522646,0.4138938,0.06461216,0.06473669,0.00356715],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937437,0.001749554,0.00001121206,0.0005358199,0.00001498199,0.000100183,0.00001871817,0.000009501546,0.003816346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995874,0.00008994371,0.0001437899,0.0001496976,0.00001195975,0.000005240596,5.934655e-7,0.000004273252,0.000007141463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5896305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3715919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0134408186330434,"score_gpt":0.2676831533509089,"score_spread":0.2542423347178654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}