{"id":"W4283013104","doi":"10.3390/forensicsci2020033","title":"The Fall and Rise of Identified Reference Collection: It Is Possible and Necessary to Transition from a Typological Conceptualization of Variation to Effective Utilization of Collections","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Forensic Sciences","topic":"Forensic and Genetic Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Conceptualization; Terminology; Variation (astronomy); Metric (unit); Matching (statistics); Identification (biology); Sample (material); Discriminant function analysis; Computer science; Population; Data science; Statistics; Genealogy; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Linguistics; Mathematics; Biology; History; Demography; Ecology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003679893,0.00004882714,0.00009113747,0.00007241196,0.0003716422,0.00001754551,0.0000838097,0.00003450295,0.00002411848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001524278,0.00003815708,0.00001677798,0.0006861105,0.0004056094,0.00000640578,0.00008068724,0.00002864082,1.606169e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008442818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007444097,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006215769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004625578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992033,0.0001334039,0.0001646034,0.000201904,0.000218644,0.00007811475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995451,0.00007272827,0.00007757036,0.00008695626,0.0001862468,0.00003142588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002217282,0.0002358236,0.0146559,0.00007697377,0.0001598229,7.308312e-7,0.02177253,0.007110121,0.879011,0.005987434,0.04911242,0.01965996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001349808,0.007300905,0.1672138,0.0000567762,0.00007686437,0.00001220452,0.01819426,0.01156739,0.7808816,0.01019765,0.002868968,0.000279815],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926264,0.0002863188,0.005573084,0.0004471436,0.00007544087,0.0003673348,0.00005696121,0.000001885959,0.0005654125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998967,0.00009715292,0.0005370929,0.00008725336,0.00001159501,0.00003990088,0.00001855302,0.000002097612,0.0002393814],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1525579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2858409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03750935243898657,"score_gpt":0.319772772713945,"score_spread":0.2822634202749584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}