{"id":"W4283312701","doi":"10.1002/ldr.4405","title":"Biochar affects greenhouse gas emissions in various environments: A critical review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Land Degradation and Development","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biochar; Greenhouse gas; Carbon sequestration; Environmental science; Compost; Environmental chemistry; Soil water; Methanogen; Pyrolysis; Methanotroph; Methane; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Agronomy; Carbon dioxide; Soil science; Ecology; Anaerobic oxidation of methane; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001658936,0.001671186,0.002789975,0.003176585,0.0003159353,0.001451751,0.001126647,0.001486152,0.002278651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002506128,0.0005221377,0.00255136,0.004010644,0.0004626102,0.001374309,0.0006983223,0.00101996,0.0003958009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001020496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003299813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003130385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002911789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999455,0.0001259583,0.000133344,0.0001293299,0.0001188582,0.00003749436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970616,0.001819542,0.0004197044,0.00005560575,0.0005693429,0.00007421072],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003960705,0.0001882142,0.001409184,0.3583587,0.003464686,0.0004175435,0.0002235096,0.002413323,0.006437175,0.002845365,0.01283567,0.6110106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001056148,0.001411941,0.01318794,0.1210605,0.02252246,0.001855065,0.0005126172,0.001200122,0.007155679,0.003831951,0.8269398,0.0002162945],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000392415,0.9990483,0.0001105937,0.0001245895,0.0000967728,0.000009096188,0.00003311587,0.000004224637,0.0001808758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002202969,0.9972556,0.0001655915,0.0001510677,0.00008754857,0.00001270599,0.00003451435,0.000001647579,0.00008827495],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003176585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008773386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05362317946899794,"score_gpt":0.2787777863085436,"score_spread":0.2251546068395457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}