{"id":"W4283370651","doi":"10.3390/pr10071230","title":"A CFD Investigation on the Aerosol Drug Delivery in the Mouth–Throat Airway Using a Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler Device","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","field":"Medicine","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Lakehead University","keywords":"Inhaler; Metered-dose inhaler; Throat; Computational fluid dynamics; Materials science; Dry-powder inhaler; Airway; Mechanics; Medicine; Anesthesia; Asthma; Physics; Surgery","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002868489,0.0002444327,0.0004434464,0.0002243028,0.0003112051,0.0004557186,0.0002821381,0.0004841972,0.0007105627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005222091,0.0001570072,0.0004473956,0.0001538786,0.0003297045,0.0003610209,0.0002109197,0.0002580802,0.0001499202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004505309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007113052,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002294237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001267508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999838,0.00003346416,0.00001119092,0.00003053136,0.00006326667,0.00002346551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997882,0.0001250683,0.0000212483,0.00001654845,0.00003548105,0.00001345482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000504711,0.0003522895,0.01675858,0.0003456331,0.00002587454,0.001155207,0.0002654518,0.1784742,0.7661851,0.002610879,0.0004611842,0.03286096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006399351,0.0007712186,0.01267161,0.00002348001,0.00003243962,0.0004936114,0.0001191086,0.8100919,0.1728138,0.0002729966,0.002603059,0.00004287161],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9610326,0.0006600319,0.03416569,0.0002051022,0.00004710229,0.0001227003,0.0002095429,0.000156773,0.003400473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847093,0.0004081206,0.01373979,0.00003209138,0.00001021506,0.00003566526,0.0001135535,0.0000119841,0.0009393745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002294237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004561782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08169369497518703,"score_gpt":0.2837531061252171,"score_spread":0.2020594111500301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}