{"id":"W4283387243","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2022.113755","title":"Treatment of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected waters with a surface flow treatment wetland: mass removal, half-life, and toxicity-reduction","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Research","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Naphthenic acid; Oil sands; Tailings; Biodegradation; Constructed wetland; Environmental chemistry; Extraction (chemistry); Wetland; Chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Sewage treatment; Chromatography; Ecology; Biology; Materials science; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001112765,0.0002379507,0.0002681252,0.0001519459,0.0002199427,0.0002558854,0.0001686934,0.0002539219,0.0004427481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001685028,0.00008371801,0.0002663491,0.00009947377,0.0001408705,0.0001864464,0.0001351847,0.0001853821,0.0001009721],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003296168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009755174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009317387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999137,0.0000144099,0.000005736008,0.00001526446,0.0000270982,0.00002382921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999195,0.00001553414,0.00001643743,0.000004601774,0.00002618674,0.00001763542],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006090541,0.00009810451,0.001212381,0.00004386501,0.0000123023,0.00005054107,0.00004816071,0.0003489286,0.9936713,0.00002019175,0.00003584336,0.003849269],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001295262,0.0009833541,0.006508077,0.000002671252,0.00002082747,0.00004641829,0.00006665786,0.002936866,0.989116,0.00001517376,0.0002842831,0.000006608739],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994252,0.00004662706,0.0003103478,0.00001207635,0.000004788162,0.00000620613,0.00003440195,0.000008848046,0.000151509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998092,0.0001202962,0.0006850318,0.000008789346,0.000003515626,0.000006200068,0.00006330719,0.000003621486,0.001017138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009755174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01939678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01895793421626201,"score_gpt":0.2807636803577089,"score_spread":0.2618057461414469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}