{"id":"W4283518149","doi":"10.1177/00111287221106947","title":"The Impact of Suspect Resistance, Informational Justice, and Interpersonal Justice on Time Until Police Use of Physical Force: A Survival Analysis","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Crime & Delinquency","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Charles Koch Foundation","keywords":"Suspect; Officer; Resistance (ecology); Interpersonal communication; Criminology; Economic Justice; Use of force; Psychology; Criminal justice; Social psychology; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000742553,0.0001106046,0.0002350762,0.0001830404,0.001101207,0.00007651914,0.0002544156,0.00003473902,0.0004168657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004237763,0.00008566141,0.0002435915,0.0009180049,0.0003730831,0.0003737746,0.00007960095,0.0002204301,0.00001180185],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001405581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003552334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03873731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003821122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983857,0.0003527852,0.0003149381,0.0001415584,0.0005551486,0.0002499211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997595,0.001577047,0.0002884407,0.0002084768,0.0002360494,0.00009506321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002513092,0.00136101,0.008106728,0.0002748372,0.003127411,0.000003797638,0.5711698,0.0410624,0.003738125,0.3273143,0.03700555,0.004322914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003014775,0.003040965,0.5024039,0.0001896466,0.02409761,0.00001346534,0.2258429,0.1619171,0.0001094731,0.006672897,0.07064147,0.002055807],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9716799,0.0000448613,0.000067633,0.0003557788,0.00009826253,0.0001413037,0.0003405844,0.00002076653,0.02725096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972672,0.00009714306,0.00007458441,0.00008349677,0.0001808752,0.000009580696,0.00002773421,0.000007085953,0.002252258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4942971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9676638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05619377922204791,"score_gpt":0.3976740680107544,"score_spread":0.3414802887887065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}