{"id":"W4283518149","doi":"10.1177/00111287221106947","title":"The Impact of Suspect Resistance, Informational Justice, and Interpersonal Justice on Time Until Police Use of Physical Force: A Survival Analysis","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Crime & Delinquency","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Charles Koch Foundation","keywords":"Suspect; Officer; Resistance (ecology); Interpersonal communication; Criminology; Economic Justice; Use of force; Psychology; Criminal justice; Social psychology; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004393867,0.0003764505,0.0004858609,0.001616678,0.0007490884,0.00109824,0.0009772703,0.0004993085,0.003950672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01716444,0.0002464607,0.001529485,0.001332012,0.000680012,0.0008639379,0.001388195,0.001382945,0.0003980529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006461873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001198725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02829423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02524584,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973385,0.001266044,0.0001807573,0.0004068884,0.0003283365,0.000479508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9812936,0.01022422,0.004423897,0.001594876,0.000876547,0.00158688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002961587,0.0001058976,0.9946612,0.00001251616,0.0002062995,0.00005045934,0.0004323295,0.0002018233,0.0001307184,0.00006177687,0.0001174405,0.003723531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006265715,0.000563735,0.9952329,0.0000152392,0.0001435488,0.00006456689,0.0009256528,0.002580358,0.0001133742,0.00006022505,0.0002833821,0.0000107229],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985756,0.00007841235,0.0005833805,0.0000491692,0.000008466934,0.00001868798,0.0003420037,0.000008674047,0.0003355131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985335,0.0000596132,0.0002405471,0.00001249384,0.00001039053,0.0000426377,0.0004461871,0.000005450458,0.000649199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02829423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0562591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05619377922204791,"score_gpt":0.3976740680107544,"score_spread":0.3414802887887065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}