{"id":"W4283580457","doi":"10.3390/separations9070160","title":"Accurate Flow Regime Classification and Void Fraction Measurement in Two-Phase Flowmeters Using Frequency-Domain Feature Extraction and Neural Networks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separations","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","keywords":"Mean squared error; Frequency domain; Two-phase flow; Perceptron; Artificial neural network; Time domain; Fast Fourier transform; Standard deviation; Computer science; Flow (mathematics); Pattern recognition (psychology); Algorithm; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Physics; Mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004217765,0.0001388047,0.0001389125,0.0002112116,0.0003465885,0.00008346271,0.00004570324,0.0000405835,0.00002889171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001656051,0.0001593298,0.0000373529,0.0004186887,0.00001869017,0.0004322288,0.00001380167,0.0003120203,7.314832e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003401627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001791022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007633318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000763138,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990149,0.0001164168,0.0002128713,0.0002149931,0.0002685353,0.0001723467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999679,0.00002046563,0.00005855503,0.0001414456,0.0000457407,0.00005476108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002237742,0.00004738575,0.001096319,0.00001127389,0.00005319954,0.000004539156,0.0002929037,0.8366669,0.158791,0.00007089564,0.0005650215,0.002378207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006350253,0.0000249561,0.002568943,0.000009136983,0.00006414326,0.00001260628,0.0005053472,0.995419,0.0001380833,0.0001379263,0.0003263299,0.0001585159],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8797291,0.001029673,0.1178306,0.0004643155,0.0003603198,0.0002937588,0.00001269005,0.0001049692,0.0001745455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968015,0.00004281382,0.002856728,0.00002964599,0.00009397702,0.00006722272,0.00007825774,0.00001807753,0.00001180018],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1587521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6497281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05185398238631824,"score_gpt":0.3052602131434242,"score_spread":0.2534062307571059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}