{"id":"W4283641179","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2022.113129","title":"C- and L-band SAR signatures of Arctic sea ice during freeze-up","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Remote Sensing of Environment","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Manitoba; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Mitacs; Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response Network; University of Manitoba; Entomological Society of America","keywords":"C band; Remote sensing; Geology; Sea ice; Backscatter (email); L band; Arctic; Open water; Grey level; The arctic; Climatology; Pixel; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001886505,0.0001043151,0.0001768072,0.00005114164,0.0001920557,0.000005305247,0.00007855319,0.00002998834,0.0004090713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001783361,0.0001001182,0.00004595045,0.0000573254,0.0001640308,0.00004094588,0.00004312867,0.0001716232,0.000003375216],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001508489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001448767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002372932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005069851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990277,0.0000739004,0.0002021219,0.0001941523,0.0003218513,0.0001803247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995185,0.000108917,0.0001358679,0.0001713322,0.000005649702,0.00005971129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007080953,0.0001183694,0.3061026,0.0009473434,0.0003513623,0.000219831,0.006071167,0.303011,0.04765685,0.00005604854,0.0001061291,0.3346512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001017416,0.000454782,0.8546602,0.000101561,0.0001302995,0.000229909,0.002313127,0.1320054,0.005534334,0.001365181,0.001753383,0.0004344323],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983185,0.0004045884,0.0003968201,0.0001370691,0.0001249186,0.0000904371,0.00003957711,0.000007080258,0.0004810334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995346,0.0002000251,0.004167653,0.00005655656,0.00002645516,5.937297e-9,0.00002438911,0.000004858638,0.00017404],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5485576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4479044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006044313041025839,"score_gpt":0.1712306094776348,"score_spread":0.1651862964366089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}