{"id":"W4283699388","doi":"10.1002/hec.4555","title":"ADHD misdiagnosis: Causes and mitigators","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Economics","topic":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","field":"Medicine","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Regression discontinuity design; Socioeconomic status; Medical diagnosis; Educational attainment; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Medicine; Demography; Clinical psychology; Economics; Sociology; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001741023,0.00007790069,0.0002190168,0.00007576477,0.0002258392,0.00001048841,0.00003115338,0.00002191319,0.0005552521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003074092,0.0000931652,0.00003837351,0.00005248936,0.00002958022,0.00005911417,0.00006222483,0.0001783551,0.00003094869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001989316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002832177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002207274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006406915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992998,0.00004329546,0.0002097427,0.0002079049,0.00004749731,0.0001917314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994836,0.00006386933,0.00009910977,0.0001642042,0.00001140243,0.0001777965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002748782,0.001070116,0.8923771,0.0007249227,0.0002051584,0.00004178497,0.004749715,0.0005124467,0.00003587304,0.003773844,0.04817169,0.04806253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003078129,0.0007939223,0.2688041,0.00003726888,0.00005787944,0.0006006426,0.01942387,0.001456491,0.00002537471,0.0002657845,0.7051111,0.0003454133],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9765053,0.001544731,0.000003800728,0.02104556,0.000219135,0.0002906119,0.00003761483,0.00004353208,0.0003096493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870107,0.001073587,0.000167919,0.01112958,0.00007556171,0.00009431565,0.000028186,0.00002335136,0.0003968487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6569394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6079621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06766480216494336,"score_gpt":0.3411972131036282,"score_spread":0.2735324109386849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}