{"id":"W4283699388","doi":"10.1002/hec.4555","title":"ADHD misdiagnosis: Causes and mitigators","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Economics","topic":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","field":"Medicine","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Regression discontinuity design; Socioeconomic status; Medical diagnosis; Educational attainment; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Medicine; Demography; Clinical psychology; Economics; Sociology; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009776575,0.0004949775,0.0007977429,0.004263598,0.001818406,0.002041236,0.001775793,0.00167073,0.004205595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1044178,0.0007036217,0.0008372706,0.00330146,0.001275856,0.002833807,0.00377373,0.002410213,0.0005014106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001836554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003429906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01522073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02266666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9860409,0.005618993,0.001470536,0.002452788,0.002803314,0.001613426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9203812,0.03327253,0.0310564,0.005836141,0.006497322,0.002956474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008319186,0.00005507673,0.967313,0.0001016895,0.0001232301,0.0004316955,0.0009092264,0.0001018786,0.00004143544,0.001102344,0.002199603,0.02753764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001031021,0.00008124208,0.9826939,0.0006600923,0.0002770336,0.00225554,0.004927774,0.001110314,0.0003018938,0.003817586,0.003832297,0.00003197899],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9026396,0.02388461,0.004941832,0.05166602,0.0006993717,0.0002416929,0.002084013,0.0002218483,0.01362089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916803,0.003758651,0.001374613,0.001357667,0.0005082986,0.00005609296,0.0004751447,0.00002975506,0.0007594239],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01522073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05170411,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06766480216494336,"score_gpt":0.3411972131036282,"score_spread":0.2735324109386849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}