{"id":"W4283705106","doi":"10.1017/s0954394522000059","title":"Phonological mergers have systemic phonetic consequences:<scp>palm</scp>, trees, and the Low Back Merger Shift","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Variation and Change","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Feature (linguistics); Vowel; Trap (plumbing); History; Analogy; Computer science; Geography; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002383914,0.000134797,0.0001356415,0.0002976356,0.00104349,0.001663733,0.000289232,0.0004810558,0.005826176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001255288,0.0001909622,0.0000993909,0.0003666628,0.002710139,0.0008118725,0.001145503,0.0007374887,0.0003390323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001452022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001516228,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08304106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1254988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997069,0.00003943081,0.00001127594,0.00005883691,0.0001096316,0.00007377248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994525,0.0001340671,0.00009413534,0.00009505478,0.0001781251,0.000046149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008681498,0.000172837,0.2270889,0.0002137327,0.00005510993,0.006324806,0.144787,0.002128634,0.2661098,0.2404383,0.004124956,0.1076878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004436178,0.0001418681,0.8412241,0.00006354538,0.00007024434,0.002361593,0.0708755,0.003493975,0.01686126,0.03944062,0.02528876,0.0001341749],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9679793,0.00004505129,0.001555011,0.000288247,0.000008949725,0.000007182863,0.00004743439,0.00003683328,0.03003193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991036,0.000007361445,0.0001808373,0.00001558046,0.000001880932,0.000001129985,0.00001154001,0.000007235727,0.0006707619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08304106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1651154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02858252403881568,"score_gpt":0.2716346716640884,"score_spread":0.2430521476252728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}