{"id":"W4283819573","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.94.045004","title":"Ultrafast electron diffraction: Visualizing dynamic states of matter","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Reviews of Modern Physics","topic":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Tsinghua University; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ultrafast electron diffraction; Ultrashort pulse; State of matter; Physics; Electron; Electron diffraction; Nanotechnology; Engineering physics; Laser; Diffraction; Materials science; Optics; Nuclear physics; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006489068,0.0004213336,0.001333076,0.00007660544,0.00007853332,0.00003946901,0.0007155627,0.0001246788,0.0009099061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001509841,0.000395686,0.0004251693,0.0001522053,0.0001024725,0.0001508793,0.0004471074,0.0006657031,0.00003573076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002493428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001352362,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000844403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009242329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971899,0.0003237137,0.0009865449,0.0006100126,0.0004747609,0.0004150168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99738,0.00006559968,0.001454905,0.0009488975,0.00009976514,0.00005079167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003140408,0.0002724852,0.0001328611,0.002168811,0.00003136394,6.302483e-7,0.0003013776,0.0004546405,0.9920361,0.0005428136,0.0004467159,0.003580809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001135519,0.0002261648,0.0001427963,0.0006252567,0.0001418681,0.000002726586,0.00001351562,0.001558045,0.9531882,0.03906734,0.004458977,0.0004615262],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8829305,0.02691055,0.08454223,0.0002287988,0.0004863411,0.002209425,0.0002853196,0.0002781409,0.00212867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9393679,0.05357948,0.005477376,0.0002063924,0.0001460379,0.0003799602,0.0003387291,0.0001265497,0.0003775675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07906485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02209656067446811,"score_gpt":0.3429724729866527,"score_spread":0.3208759123121846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}