{"id":"W4284690597","doi":"10.5539/jel.v11n5p93","title":"Quantitative Courses in Higher Education: A Comparison Between Asynchronous and Synchronous Distance Learning","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Educational Technology and E-Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Asynchronous communication; Pace; Distance education; Asynchronous learning; Mathematics education; Computer science; Point (geometry); Higher education; Ambiguity; Likert scale; Process (computing); Psychology; Teaching method; Synchronous learning; Cooperative learning; Mathematics; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004513898,0.0002791218,0.0003111793,0.001240782,0.0004518065,0.001908556,0.0005132224,0.0004725039,0.005490792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01921177,0.0001233064,0.0003503125,0.001172258,0.0005423705,0.001406104,0.001296379,0.0005892979,0.0008197106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006467769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006915099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005610727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007475673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948882,0.002254385,0.000364511,0.0004676309,0.001690712,0.0003344921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9780914,0.0147916,0.001853469,0.0006703348,0.001800079,0.002793113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01309279,0.01518038,0.2512759,0.002187428,0.0003355216,0.0003321702,0.009412507,0.001702354,0.01218395,0.00467583,0.002661598,0.6869596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00167354,0.03653345,0.9225977,0.0005716039,0.0002486371,0.0004470409,0.01075047,0.002600091,0.004701627,0.002965322,0.01682356,0.00008706568],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855057,0.000807785,0.001793728,0.0001777383,0.00009364346,0.0001998831,0.00007480625,0.00002050121,0.01132614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954937,0.000472748,0.001311687,0.0001237779,0.00009523446,0.0001760539,0.0001051176,0.0000139326,0.002207664],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005490792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02387208,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03085836184409298,"score_gpt":0.3299993373364583,"score_spread":0.2991409754923653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}