{"id":"W4285010371","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v12n6p97","title":"Gender Differences and Language Variation: A Theoretical Framework","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Gender Studies in Language","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Style (visual arts); Computer science; Linguistics; On Language; Sociology; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001710238,0.0001343551,0.0002849472,0.0002181439,0.0006772776,0.0001019278,0.0004672489,0.00004850842,0.005090712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002937766,0.0001180143,0.000111147,0.0005193535,0.0003851445,0.0001484096,0.0002610956,0.0007131624,0.000002387904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001246632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001191699,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000096975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001629812,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976997,0.0006060748,0.0003406521,0.0001767065,0.0008362902,0.0003406144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985371,0.0006671246,0.0002593089,0.0001891929,0.000181105,0.0001661939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002955452,0.00006448632,0.0034245,0.000008611072,0.00007614689,0.0001941452,0.7552177,0.000006089516,0.00002335468,0.2376343,0.001040739,0.002280349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006749376,0.0001402713,0.01816072,0.00003467877,0.0001174567,0.00002964177,0.9350428,0.00001085322,0.00001587032,0.0148905,0.03054967,0.0003326211],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8394428,0.01384915,0.0006980219,0.001238693,0.003994695,0.0002319749,0.00002857428,0.00009071732,0.1404253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939519,0.00008824182,0.002634046,0.0005025821,0.002111601,0.000008640173,9.389964e-7,0.00001630783,0.0006857618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2227438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01402790051907868,"score_gpt":0.2905343178686502,"score_spread":0.2765064173495715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}