{"id":"W4285018316","doi":"10.1007/s10278-022-00666-z","title":"Analyzing Transfer Learning of Vision Transformers for Interpreting Chest Radiography","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Digital Imaging","topic":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","field":"Medicine","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","keywords":"Radiography; Medical physics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Computer vision; Radiology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007273767,0.0001315445,0.000430353,0.0007632487,0.0001389214,0.00007428882,0.0001152854,0.00001777177,0.0000282871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002153111,0.000124709,0.000680709,0.0004708904,0.00006450409,0.0005849945,0.000025839,0.0004723686,2.075912e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001543196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001219498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004605753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.800556e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998524,0.00003519008,0.0006870347,0.0001470839,0.0003798429,0.0002269071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989921,0.0004059334,0.000237186,0.00006624515,0.0001847536,0.000113773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001907968,0.0008422218,0.3392217,0.0009210699,0.0006810033,0.0001891657,0.006705652,0.006849226,0.1124461,0.00003056361,0.001774472,0.5284308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04849099,0.02178347,0.05907939,0.0142764,0.006209082,0.007725727,0.0383952,0.167722,0.1147601,0.001146373,0.5173414,0.003069884],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8834601,0.001225538,0.1025441,0.01184599,0.000282435,0.0002770088,0.00001876947,0.00003306704,0.0003129698],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986318,0.00003307518,0.0006056292,0.0005892026,0.00007812558,0.000004447052,0.000005646364,0.00003602954,0.00001608952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5253609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5085484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0118647780537559,"score_gpt":0.3006873826984502,"score_spread":0.2888226046446943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}