{"id":"W4285021911","doi":"10.1109/jtehm.2022.3180937","title":"Stiffness Assessment and Lump Detection in Minimally Invasive Surgery Using In-House Developed Smart Laparoscopic Forceps","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Haptic technology; Stiffness; GRASP; Tactile sensor; Simulation; Forceps; Computer science; Resistor; Surgical instrument; Biomedical engineering; Microcontroller; Artificial intelligence; Robot; Computer vision; Engineering; Surgery; Mechanical engineering; Medicine; Computer hardware; Electrical engineering; Structural engineering; Voltage","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006015096,0.00008919953,0.0002757927,0.0005041159,0.00003945693,0.000004897831,0.0000356225,0.00002735493,0.000003786659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000353969,0.00009384326,0.00001435427,0.0003147456,0.00001318487,0.00007570049,0.000004183873,0.0003145761,2.61283e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001830742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002375562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007978026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001691062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989704,0.00002454491,0.0005944649,0.00007874588,0.0001742044,0.0001575909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994118,0.0003520392,0.00007209416,0.00003476069,0.00002274811,0.000106562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002713006,0.00002310791,0.03192442,0.0003728538,0.000009825509,0.00001561899,0.000845436,0.9594573,0.004160599,0.00004300207,0.000009198379,0.003111559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002458923,0.0001190575,0.5431122,0.0006893752,0.000008837447,0.0001432404,0.0002670737,0.4525004,0.0001213787,0.00012407,0.0002972943,0.0001581953],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888765,0.001313009,0.008869839,0.0004839114,0.0003027562,0.0001362467,0.000002037153,0.00001277449,0.000002965657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973562,0.0005874924,0.001897781,0.00005471875,0.00006809002,0.00001462517,0.000002470222,0.0000178546,7.08569e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5111877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3826817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0384047401683966,"score_gpt":0.2999092795591028,"score_spread":0.2615045393907062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}