{"id":"W4285059789","doi":"10.1109/access.2022.3189645","title":"PAIRED: An Explainable Lightweight Android Malware Detection System","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Seneca Polytechnic; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Android (operating system); Malware; Computer science; Operating system; Mobile device; Embedded system; Android malware; Computer security; System call","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003216588,0.0005976548,0.0004070454,0.0007649394,0.0002269867,0.0005106951,0.000854252,0.0006086328,0.004444024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001860948,0.0002140332,0.0004015407,0.000197397,0.0002066659,0.001266297,0.0010526,0.0006689273,0.001360481],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003133266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000446784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008887224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001269972,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996828,0.00005389901,0.00002479639,0.00007152761,0.0001343137,0.00003271093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994718,0.0002001653,0.0000703255,0.0001194122,0.0001094183,0.00002893696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001268086,0.0004967898,0.01250055,0.0004352677,0.0002213293,0.001767364,0.0004962453,0.02592549,0.05220526,0.01813299,0.02844268,0.858108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001253539,0.0004864812,0.007186142,0.00004855304,0.0001175489,0.001449584,0.00008947234,0.918366,0.03541931,0.01441278,0.02217888,0.000119943],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1574806,0.0007370712,0.6817403,0.0006728623,0.0001381448,0.0006886605,0.001930849,0.1480427,0.008568782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8076379,0.0002854325,0.1804431,0.0003353698,0.00007250818,0.0002057919,0.002413808,0.000655184,0.007950935],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004444024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01486677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02015355805504851,"score_gpt":0.2696349021112425,"score_spread":0.249481344056194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}