{"id":"W4285076182","doi":"10.1117/3.2510243.ch81","title":"Isotope Effect","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SPIE eBooks","topic":"Chemical Reactions and Isotopes","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Isotope; Radiochemistry; Chemistry; Physics; Nuclear physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003407989,0.0007647123,0.0006840618,0.001092551,0.0009947949,0.001487294,0.001080164,0.00117181,0.07544214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006384547,0.0004828919,0.0004695883,0.0009719126,0.00109169,0.001732271,0.0014535,0.00156586,0.02563529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001072785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006924239,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001604859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002266119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995963,0.00002893954,0.000008688331,0.0001088494,0.0002208457,0.00003644706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998542,0.00003180035,0.000007789251,0.00004409861,0.00004972417,0.00001246858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001951048,0.00007727381,0.0003671517,0.0004543847,0.00003060857,0.0002270996,0.000274292,0.001133759,0.09055305,0.3832719,0.1447894,0.3786259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008832953,0.00004551615,0.0005087071,0.0000617406,0.00002203968,0.0005181708,0.00005610641,0.001029651,0.05720446,0.01797964,0.9225382,0.00002686096],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.005053842,0.01359712,0.04192833,0.001077063,0.002160006,0.00006353748,0.0004437216,0.00146042,0.934216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04899058,0.006370555,0.01506113,0.0009347167,0.0002491724,0.00007445526,0.0006091015,0.0006928192,0.9270175],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07544214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2523791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08062029316746526,"score_gpt":0.3953766492374256,"score_spread":0.3147563560699603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}