{"id":"W4285198257","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220032","title":"Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Emissions of OC and EC: Laboratory Comparisons with Port Fuel Injection Engine","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","topic":"Vehicle emissions and performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Public Health Ontario; University of Toronto; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Gasoline; Gasoline direct injection; Environmental science; Combustion; Aerosol; Carbon fibers; Particulates; Pyrolysis; Waste management; Chemistry; Materials science; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001439298,0.0001348641,0.000251012,0.000168681,0.0004631145,0.00002019788,0.00009052121,0.00005980386,0.0001046354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004779642,0.0001178393,0.00002558341,0.0007411131,0.000113143,0.000140606,0.0001258764,0.0006617136,0.00000147071],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005674527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007389157,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003276709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006493717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985428,0.0001962049,0.000278744,0.0002301171,0.0004448472,0.000307306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992537,0.0001702799,0.00003792311,0.0002314814,0.0001346198,0.0001720201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00160655,0.001588924,0.2778822,0.004864166,0.000656476,0.00005006978,0.01112918,0.363746,0.2351919,0.0006986747,0.042522,0.06006389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007782233,0.007404185,0.3362378,0.0007383567,0.0001397231,0.0004301643,0.01795866,0.408284,0.0953109,0.0001973816,0.122918,0.002598601],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964831,0.001328049,0.0002994192,0.0002295763,0.00007784218,0.0001946675,0.0001243042,0.0001187874,0.001144192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987125,0.0004185572,0.000262178,0.00001715139,0.00006970831,0.00005292949,0.00004424043,0.0000233839,0.0003993072],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.139881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4805347,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04434273495569849,"score_gpt":0.3278768289551905,"score_spread":0.283534093999492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}