{"id":"W4285198257","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220032","title":"Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Emissions of OC and EC: Laboratory Comparisons with Port Fuel Injection Engine","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","topic":"Vehicle emissions and performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Public Health Ontario; University of Toronto; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Gasoline; Gasoline direct injection; Environmental science; Combustion; Aerosol; Carbon fibers; Particulates; Pyrolysis; Waste management; Chemistry; Materials science; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004335513,0.0005918708,0.0002728129,0.000502961,0.0005007331,0.0006091749,0.0005338437,0.0005123758,0.0007793884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004424955,0.0002093522,0.0005494941,0.0003439657,0.0004572229,0.0004866758,0.000368851,0.0004375675,0.0002543569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005065572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004892129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008933458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01500224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999548,0.00004085699,0.00002812157,0.000149418,0.0001762577,0.00005733196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997758,0.00004092082,0.00002644502,0.00001979296,0.0001182677,0.00001878046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008231815,0.001084162,0.0625276,0.0003497189,0.0001476791,0.0002951668,0.0007781342,0.002234474,0.9142831,0.0002256506,0.0004003521,0.01685069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004034422,0.002358417,0.09908811,0.00003842908,0.0001610138,0.0002132274,0.0006739361,0.004883782,0.8899875,0.0001900763,0.002307957,0.00005729194],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952343,0.0001842624,0.002729567,0.00001456034,0.0000180262,0.0000641899,0.0004683546,0.00004151496,0.001245169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936635,0.0002522613,0.003935941,0.00004794285,0.00001177955,0.0001307823,0.0008575383,0.00002731425,0.001072947],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008933458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0177629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04434273495569849,"score_gpt":0.3278768289551905,"score_spread":0.283534093999492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}