{"id":"W4285213128","doi":"10.1093/teamat/hrac004","title":"A taxonomy of high school students’ levels of understanding in solving algebraic problems","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching Mathematics and its Applications An International Journal of the IMA","topic":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Taxonomy (biology); Mathematics education; Algebraic number; Sample (material); Algebra over a field; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Mathematics; Pure mathematics; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002661696,0.0004343526,0.0003666088,0.006101857,0.0008847467,0.002727089,0.0008659918,0.000847355,0.002206202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01154443,0.0002243704,0.0004184966,0.002286091,0.00154251,0.001861562,0.00166877,0.0008184244,0.0005502247],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001592176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00297496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01476847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01466861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975327,0.0004116928,0.0002786657,0.000151532,0.001255948,0.0003694461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9864454,0.003501335,0.00204777,0.0007026186,0.006200168,0.001102767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001174464,0.0004062312,0.7993303,0.000389541,0.00005632744,0.0003270158,0.06631567,0.001273189,0.006570528,0.008791672,0.002755135,0.113667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002193727,0.000668519,0.8534063,0.0005357801,0.00003760984,0.0006730231,0.1038629,0.008432143,0.00250028,0.01220757,0.01755924,0.00009469625],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9750469,0.0001397587,0.006555616,0.000228007,0.000007731191,0.0001921242,0.0003964701,0.00007258831,0.01736079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990767,0.0001412598,0.007112249,0.000018905,0.0000018013,0.0001180637,0.000620634,0.000008141617,0.001211869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01476847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02936506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09873022263521643,"score_gpt":0.3713954598240547,"score_spread":0.2726652371888383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}