{"id":"W4285267810","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4123679","title":"Mass Incarceration and Stopped Convergence in Black-White Educational Attainment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Education Discipline and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Educational attainment; Instrumental variable; Black male; Demography; Causality (physics); Percentage point; Demographic economics; Mass incarceration; White (mutation); Psychology; Political science; Sociology; Economics; Econometrics; Criminology; Criminal justice; Physics; Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001108796,0.0001534036,0.0003524599,0.001901545,0.001916319,0.00198134,0.0006898061,0.0008334443,0.009124172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007557416,0.0001570722,0.0003917634,0.001833845,0.0007432197,0.00123733,0.003296086,0.001575648,0.0006258431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008083758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001564864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07321256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08554186,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991334,0.0001793122,0.00004219789,0.000123016,0.0000671215,0.0004549074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950141,0.0009855385,0.001277563,0.000199041,0.0005107559,0.00201295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001588601,0.0001434298,0.9906595,0.000007566681,0.00002336702,0.0000992226,0.002249914,0.0000806781,0.0001482923,0.001624716,0.0002513116,0.004553086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003991897,0.00005435514,0.9919775,0.00002834622,0.00001984446,0.00004846301,0.006487251,0.0002250738,0.00008476056,0.0006376554,0.0004281206,0.000004742195],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975211,0.0001522273,0.00003721837,0.0002832954,0.000009040648,0.000001998278,0.00009925939,0.000002279927,0.001893559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989899,0.00003639366,0.00001220504,0.00002093453,0.00000818135,0.000001924577,0.0000541448,0.000001638853,0.0008747083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07321256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1455728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01662795141383595,"score_gpt":0.3291056671902452,"score_spread":0.3124777157764093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}