{"id":"W4285274202","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4152511","title":"Ghostbusters: Hunting abnormal Flights in Europe during COVID-19","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Geography; Virology; Medicine; Outbreak; Internal medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002795822,0.0001244335,0.0002560719,0.0005533039,0.0009176895,0.00008342542,0.0003163017,0.00004431742,0.001285666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001528655,0.0001490184,0.0001115684,0.0009566549,0.00001728426,0.0003034648,0.0001102472,0.002403783,0.00009177262],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001742492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005091544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002803016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004406724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975633,0.00008620724,0.000659199,0.000281127,0.00008090428,0.001329247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991866,0.00003022237,0.0004940456,0.0001596339,0.00002117402,0.0001083536],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004527168,0.000117025,0.5267397,0.000007502107,0.000156828,0.00005069809,0.0007668335,0.01576343,0.00001152025,0.4557192,0.00008398783,0.0005380123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0112602,0.0008751246,0.2302782,0.00002760916,0.00008998977,0.003545071,0.019649,0.008549275,0.0000737841,0.4386901,0.2846002,0.002361463],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837517,0.002792801,0.001993373,0.003136932,0.000264973,0.00006279092,0.00001882417,0.00002711146,0.007951512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935139,0.0005069605,0.0000190046,0.0002785654,0.0001943718,0.00001026966,0.00001150413,0.00001979655,0.005445594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2964615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02174511324496728,"score_gpt":0.2294236462398153,"score_spread":0.207678532994848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}