{"id":"W4285283521","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4113310","title":"Toward a General Theory of Peer Effects","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Spillover effect; Peer effects; Counterfactual thinking; Social psychology; Action (physics); Norm (philosophy); Psychology; Social influence; Conformity; Econometrics; Economics; Microeconomics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00577578,0.0000644282,0.0001115101,0.00007625877,0.0007396669,0.00002447488,0.0003763576,0.00003002551,0.0004216057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001666716,0.00005965034,0.0001001498,0.0002459047,0.00006642631,0.0001545061,0.00004682298,0.001336697,0.00001295589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006254087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002728679,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003057981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007112767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973899,0.0004642604,0.0001423666,0.00009081484,0.0006896559,0.00122297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995652,0.0000968172,0.0001114956,0.00008094906,0.00008246581,0.0000630547],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001304613,0.00006523351,0.00797454,0.000007584888,0.00009943478,0.000005589669,0.009640211,0.0001505079,0.0003042212,0.9494638,0.001697064,0.03046135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009559028,0.0006833742,0.002853038,0.000008680995,0.00005065903,0.0001273589,0.02842856,0.00002755269,0.0001958856,0.8499675,0.1164766,0.000224906],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776422,0.003761512,0.0009874953,0.002909986,0.0006979142,0.0001158484,0.000002099188,0.00002462325,0.01385827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832429,0.001135217,0.00004441643,0.0002210971,0.0008310159,0.00001006637,0.000001159214,0.000008508918,0.01450563],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1147796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5807356,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01467019375102078,"score_gpt":0.2863775612878161,"score_spread":0.2717073675367953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}