{"id":"W4285390418","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202142385","title":"High-<i>z</i>Universe probed via Lensing by QSOs (HULQ)","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Office of Science; University of Colorado Boulder; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; National Central University; Ohio State University; National Research Foundation of Korea; York University; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; National Science Foundation; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Academia Sinica; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast; University of Oxford; Durham University; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Space Telescope Science Institute; Science Mission Directorate; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Toray Science Foundation; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; National Research Foundation; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Washington; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; University of Portsmouth; New Mexico State University; University of Utah; Planetary Science Division; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Yale University; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Vanderbilt University","keywords":"Physics; QSOS; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Gravitational lens; Quasar; Astronomy; Supermassive black hole; Universe; Gravitational microlensing; Redshift","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005870954,0.0002555935,0.00020292,0.001024935,0.0004696601,0.0007852958,0.0002109128,0.0001877634,0.001849817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006063349,0.0001395766,0.0002012538,0.0009717631,0.0004369785,0.0007552044,0.0009999246,0.000243964,0.0002010889],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004245087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000173765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002322634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003383791,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997806,0.00003720674,0.000007023886,0.00007118501,0.00003732893,0.00006674368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992498,0.0001060115,0.0003338528,0.00008503148,0.00005049984,0.0001747247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001490477,0.00006458911,0.9444678,0.00008023668,0.00009405899,0.0004586095,0.000479477,0.0003178963,0.03493724,0.002306245,0.0007762099,0.01586863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007462299,0.00004202717,0.9948027,0.000005949345,0.00002908428,0.0002559345,0.0001358172,0.0004623401,0.002505342,0.0004697138,0.001278363,0.000005306891],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957461,0.0003062308,0.0007736004,0.0001045487,0.000003635149,0.00001093614,0.0007209869,0.00005236394,0.002281541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978423,0.0001242909,0.00109033,0.00004965228,0.00001335524,0.000005807728,0.0006488196,0.000007544957,0.0002177913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002322634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006188273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003747299268037867,"score_gpt":0.1655111974376634,"score_spread":0.1617638981696256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}