{"id":"W4285394106","doi":"10.3390/land11071072","title":"A Typology of Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Development: An Analysis of Form, Function, Nomenclature, and Associated Applications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Land","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Terminology; Typology; Standardization; Nomenclature; Phrase; Confusion; Function (biology); Diversity (politics); Management science; Computer science; Field (mathematics); Sustainable development; Sociology; Linguistics; Engineering; Mathematics; Psychology; Ecology; Political science; Artificial intelligence; Taxonomy (biology); Biology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002431206,0.00004145022,0.0001231449,0.00007703932,0.0002865595,0.000004612068,0.00007726169,0.00004269164,0.0002587121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005347819,0.00003562071,0.00002735629,0.0004808298,0.00001162921,0.00006333111,0.00006824324,0.00004331378,4.2231e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005440095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001751853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004648645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00745582,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995189,0.00002096659,0.0001256201,0.0001163296,0.00008068514,0.0001374415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997218,0.00003874049,0.00009828377,0.00009547214,0.00001937127,0.00002630934],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006208197,0.0002101193,0.9891703,0.00005466488,0.0002744333,2.929589e-7,0.0003611074,0.007626927,0.0001760333,0.001778866,0.00010987,0.0001752826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006766643,0.0001868653,0.9559182,0.00000184886,0.0004590846,4.352839e-7,0.0006305443,0.01695942,0.0001105167,0.002194825,0.02274284,0.0001187717],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977487,0.00008055315,0.001354228,0.00004138432,0.00001131772,0.0002228518,0.00007980395,0.000009123381,0.0004520898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992316,0.000001470223,0.000177497,0.00006177751,0.00000344014,0.0001625037,0.0002678764,0.000003061652,0.00009077588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03325214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4160523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006216865555755807,"score_gpt":0.2117934865009628,"score_spread":0.205576620945207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}