{"id":"W4285464557","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14661078.v1","title":"Ethnic Identity and Heritage Language Ability in Second Generation Canadians in Toronto","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ethnic group; Pride; Identity (music); Literacy; Psychology; Social psychology; Cultural identity; Identity formation; Heritage language; Sociology; Gender studies; Self-concept; Political science; Anthropology; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004682335,0.0002775682,0.0003443377,0.00145394,0.005389608,0.001507205,0.0005476113,0.0002812835,0.003181825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001713458,0.0002502278,0.0003318296,0.002854844,0.001227832,0.0003437782,0.001216237,0.0005924567,0.0002270196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0146825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01676922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9922801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9966817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994093,0.00004721662,0.00002241882,0.00006639265,0.0001538273,0.0003009174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987663,0.00008887217,0.000228334,0.00003768087,0.0003774185,0.0005014351],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007751484,0.00005051598,0.9472398,0.00005229623,0.00002490797,0.000452908,0.04419411,0.00006371242,0.0005877379,0.0003126837,0.0006452653,0.006298565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003888348,0.00003105911,0.9478129,0.00003611899,0.00001155698,0.0001188745,0.0504779,0.00008250477,0.00008557835,0.00003267304,0.00129381,0.00001315533],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978535,0.0001263006,0.00001738949,0.00009526904,0.000003751016,0.00001134712,0.0002240374,0.000001176107,0.001667085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984393,0.0001815083,0.00004359811,0.00003853759,0.000001505829,0.00000643174,0.0001646941,0.000001455001,0.001123031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0146825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1065295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09858314310835319,"score_gpt":0.4900798026929455,"score_spread":0.3914966595845923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}