{"id":"W4285718493","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3563971","title":"Banking Without Deposits: Evidence from Shadow Bank Call Reports","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Shadow (psychology); Business; Financial system; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002236818,0.0002403923,0.0004721937,0.0001268418,0.0003042293,0.0002086895,0.0004544338,0.0001369948,0.0003444181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008792447,0.000268589,0.0002016827,0.0004190358,0.00006767863,0.0006142249,0.00008706209,0.001422327,0.0001794841],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001084982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006623626,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008591719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001710032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962978,0.0000560147,0.001142299,0.0007074855,0.0001535206,0.001642868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998329,0.0001103556,0.0008989157,0.0004170794,0.00008793674,0.0001566656],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003772959,0.00005641599,0.9312139,0.00001371635,0.0001235183,0.00001947738,0.001108269,0.0007021403,0.0001765527,0.06272066,0.0000962558,0.003731332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005862857,0.0003682458,0.2665726,0.000121438,0.00004804534,0.000472679,0.0001488892,0.00694518,0.0001813112,0.721706,0.002147204,0.0007021683],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8695697,0.02498689,0.1003706,0.002900107,0.0004727642,0.0002172672,0.000009270635,0.00007209223,0.001401403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965012,0.001494935,0.0008751647,0.0003205286,0.000567349,0.000006079376,0.000005683771,0.00004448166,0.000184585],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6646413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999766,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02273675699416054,"score_gpt":0.2314487242779465,"score_spread":0.2087119672837859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}